CSBio provides users with different sizes of high pressure liquid phase preparation systems and chromatographic columns. Applications include preparation and separation of fermentation drugs, natural products and peptides drugs, intermediates and chemical intermediates.

CSBio’s addition purification equipment to our line of automated peptide synthesis synthesizers allows us to provide COMPLETE service and equipment from peptide synthesis through final purification.

System Configuration：

GL6000 Series from 25ml to 250ml maximum flow pump head, SAC & DAC ID 25.4mm-100mm

System Configuration：

GL6000 Series from 500ml to 1L maximum flow pump head, DAC ID 100mm-200 mm PrepHPLC column

System Configuration：

GL6000 Series from 2L to 2 ma 0Lximum flow pump head, DAC ID 200-800 mm PrepHPLC column

Explosion Proof Diaphragm pump

System hardware and software support GMP / 21CRF11, 3Q.

The role of temperature in Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS)

In this case study, we evaluate the effect of temperature on the speed of synthesis and crude purity

Introduction

When performing solid phase peptide synthesis there are multiple factors that contribute to the quality of the produced peptide, the speed of the synthesis, and solvent consumption. A few factors include the coupling chemistry, the amount of time for deprotection and coupling phases as well as the temperature of the synthesis environment. A common question researchers ask when inquiring about automated peptide synthesizers is: “What can I expect my crude purity to be?” and “How long will it take to make a peptide?”

In this case study, we break down how the two most common chemistries used for SPPS at different temperatures and deprotection and coupling durations affect peptide crude purity.

Brief

Solid phase peptide synthesis requires a series of steps for each amino acid to build the peptide chain: Deprotection, washing, coupling, washing, repeat. At CSBio we synthesized two peptides with both DIC and HBTU chemistry with different temperatures and cycles times, and evaluated the effect on crude purity.

All peptides were synthesized on Rink amide resin at a 0.2 mmol scale on a CSBio II Peptide Synthesizer. The temperature was set on the CSBio II Peptide Synthesizer, maintaining the temperature of both the reaction vessel as well as the pre-solvent delivery (both the wash solvent and deprotection solution are preheated prior to delivery to the reaction vessel) at the temperature noted in the table.

CSBio II Peptide Synthesizer

From the data, we can see that by increasing the temperature, we are able to reduce the coupling time to maintain or even produce higher crude purity. Additionally, if we maintain the same temperature for the synthesis while decreasing the coupling time, as expected it will significantly negatively impact the crude purity. As evident more clearly as organized and shown below with the crude purity peaks.

Increasing the synthesis temperature is the best way to optimize the overall cycle time, allowing users to shorten the deprotection and coupling phases of synthesis, regardless of the chemistry or individual peptide sequence.

About CSBio For over 30 years, CSBio, a leading peptide and peptide synthesizer manufacturing company located in Silicon Valley, California, has been providing cGMP peptides and automated peptide synthesizers to the global pharmaceutical community. CSBio’s peptide products and peptide synthesizers can be found in production laboratories, universities, and pharmaceutical companies worldwide.

Interested in any of our peptide synthesizers? Get in touch with us.

Comparison of Microwave and Conduction Heating for Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis

In collaboration with University of California, Davis; UCD evaluated microwave and conduction heating and presented the findings at the 28th American Peptide Symposium

Abstract

Solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) has become a standard approach for synthesis of peptides, especially in a laboratory setting. Heating the reactions in SPPS could significantly reduce the coupling and deprotection times. One of the heating methods is to use microwave which is becoming increasingly popular because it not only dramatically reduces the synthesis times, but also increases the crude peptide purity [1]. However, microwave peptide synthesizers are relatively expensive. In this study, we investigated whether SPPS using conduction heating can achieve similar result as microwave irradiation. CSBIO II and CEM Liberty Blue were used as heating resource of conduction and microwave heating, respectively. Four peptides with length of 18mer, 19mer, 20mer (Bivalirudin) and 39mer (Exenatide) were selected as examples. The peptides were synthesized using the same synthesis protocol at 90 ºC including identical coupling, deprotection and washing cycles. The differences between the two approaches are the temperature of washing DMF (90 ºC vs 23 ºC for conduction and microwave heating, respectively) and overall synthesis cycle time (17 min vs 13 min in conduction and microwave heating, respectively). Both conduction and microwave heating generated comparable results with crude purity of 52.0% vs 51.7%, 49.0% vs 57.3%, 62.8% vs 57.1%, 37.0% vs 30.5% for 18mer, 19mer, 20mer and 39mer, respectively. One of the advantages of conduction heating is the uniformly and consistently delivered temperature during the synthesis which could minimize racemization and side reactions caused by spikes and hotspots typically associated with microwave heating. In addition, conduction heating is also a more cost-efficient heating method when compared to expensive microwave heating technology.

Download the full poster here Download Link

About CSBio: For over 30 years, CSBio, a leading peptide and peptide synthesizer manufacturing company located in Silicon Valley, California, has been providing cGMP peptides and automated peptide synthesizers to the global pharmaceutical community. CSBio’s peptide products and peptide synthesizers can be found in production laboratories, universities, and pharmaceutical companies worldwide.

Interested in any of our peptide synthesizers? Get in touch with us.

Synthesizing a 132-mer peptide with high purity

Using a CSBio research scale peptide synthesizer, we share a case study of how a 132-mer peptide can be synthesized with high purity

Introduction

Synthesis of peptides at any length requires extreme attention to detail for accuracy and purity of the desired compound. Correctly synthesizing peptides of 50 mer length is difficult, over 100 mer length is a remarkable feat. CSBio’s fully automated instruments are purposefully designed to maximize resin and solvent interaction while maintaining a clean system throughout the synthesis protocol, making it possible to consistently synthesize peptides containing over 130 amino acids at very high purities.

Brief

The chemists in CSBio’s in-house cGMP peptide manufacturing facility were tasked with making a cyclic peptide 132 amino acids in length containing a Cysteine to Cysteine disulfide bond linking the 39th and 79th amino acids.

132 AA peptide sequence (protected)

CSBio CS136X

Upon peptide synthesis completion the resin was cleaved giving the chemist’s 620mg of crude at 75% purity. A portion of the crude (220mg) was loaded into a 1” C18 HPLC column, cyclization of the fractions was performed using an iodine. Post purification the chemists were able to extract 18mg of the re-purified disulfide peptide which tested at 98.7% purity. Resulting in an 8.2% yield from crude for a compound whose molecular weight was >15000g/mol.

132mer post-purification chromatogram

Conclusion

CSBio synthesizers are designed to deliver the user with the highest crude quality for any possible peptide. As the only automated synthesizer manufacturer that produces cGMP peptides, constant collaboration of in-house chemists and engineers during the design process enables CSBio to improve synthesis results compared to industry competitors; making CSBio synthesizers the most robust and reliable instruments on the market for synthesis of any peptide.

Interested in our research scale peptide synthesizers? Get in touch with us.

A Practical Guide to Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS)

A 65 page guide on the practical aspects of performing SPPS

What is this guide?

Written through more than 60 years of combined experienced in making peptides, this is a 65 page practical guide on SPPS.

The purpose of this guide is two-fold. First, a brief introduction on the development and most common applications of solid-phase peptide synthesis will enable the user to best apply the two most widely-used synthetic strategies – Boc/Benzyl and Fmoc/tButyl chemistries – to his/her projects. Second, a detailed description of peptide synthesis, cleavage, and purification in the experimental section is given with ‘helpful hints’ so that newcomers to peptide science will have easy access and avoid some of the obstacles which often lead to expensive mistakes and/or poor synthesis yields

Introduction

Solid phase synthesis is a process by which chemical transformations can be carried out on solid support in order to prepare a wide range of synthetic compounds. This idea was first developed by Bruce Merrifield to synthesize polypeptides and earned him the Nobel Prize in 1984. Solid phase chemistry offers many advantages over conventional synthesis in terms of efficiency as well as convenient work-up and purification procedures. In solution phase peptide synthesis, particularly in longer sequences, the repetition of coupling and deprotection cycles can become very labor intensive and require the isolation of all peptide intermediates.

I. A Brief Historical Perspective The chemistry of peptide synthesis – first developed in the early 1900’s by Emil Fischer – arguably marks the birth of organic synthesis as we know it today. Whereas the lion share of organic synthesis continues to be performed by solution-phase methods, i.e., with each independent chemical reaction followed by a purification step and characterization of the resulting synthetic intermediate, two peculiarities of peptide chemistry spurred the development of a more efficient synthetic strategy. In contrast to most total synthesis efforts, the synthesis of peptides – at least until the final deprotection step – is an iterative process, with alpha-amino (alphaN) deprotection and amide couplings performed in succession until the desired full-length target peptide is obtained. In addition, most peptides of biological interest are grossly insoluble in most organic solvents irrespective of side-chain protection tactics. The net result of these two characteristic features of peptides was that the first sixty-odd years of peptide synthesis forged little ground until the landmark work in the late 1950’s of R.B. Merrifield at Rockefeller University.

During the course of his Ph.D. work, Merrifield (a biochemist) proposed an entirely new paradigm in organic synthesis. As is often the case when an outsider looks into an insular field and pursues a tack that is anathema to the existing experts in the field, Merrifield’s idea of performing all synthetic manipulations using the C-terminus of the target peptide linked to an insoluble solid support was met with much criticism. However, it was not long before the chemistry of solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) was honed to a point where traditional solution-phase methodologies were no match with regard to speed and versatility. The original “Merrifield” version of SPPS – more accurately referred to as Boc/Benzyl chemistry – was roughly finalized in the late 1960s, and employs a graduated acid lability system for manipulation of all protecting groups (Scheme 1). In this strategy, the alpha-amino t-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) protection is removed with TFA, while side-chain protections and the peptide- resin anchorage (the linker) require much harsher acidic conditions for cleavage. This final step is accomplished using liquid HF, a much stronger acid than TFA (acidity functions of -11 and 0.1, respectively).

Scheme 1 depicts the manner in which Boc/Benzyl SPPS simplifies all of the reactions involved in peptide synthesis by allowing for purification via filtration, so that excess reagents can be employed and removed by simple washing. It is important to emphasize that the chemistry of SPPS is not fundamentally different from that used in solution-phase peptide synthesis. The sole chemical distinction between solution- and solid-phase peptide synthesis is that the C-terminal protecting group in the latter is rendered insoluble by virtue of its incorporation into a polymer. This difference notwithstanding, all side-chain and alphaN protecting groups, as well as coupling chemistries, employed in solid-phase synthesis have been successfully applied in solution-phase synthesis, and vice-versa, with few exceptions.

During the 1970s several groups were actively developing milder methods for SPPS that avoided the use of liquid HF as for the final deprotection/cleavage reagent. While a variety of milder graduated acid lability systems were devised, the method that rose to general applicability was the orthogonal system of Fmoc/tBu chemistry. This strategy – developed by R.C. Sheppard at Cambridge University – differs from Boc/Benzyl chemistry in that the side-chain and alphaN protecting groups are removed under conditions that leave the other class entirely intact. In Fmoc/tBu chemistry, a mild base – usually piperidine (pKa = 11.1) – is employed for iterative N 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) deprotection, while global side-chain deprotection/cleavage is accomplished with TFA (Scheme 2).

It must be emphasized that the more traditional Boc/Benzyl and Fmoc/tBu chemistries, while differing in chemical minutiae, are fundamentally the same process. In both cases, the target peptide chain is assembled in a stepwise fashion from alphaN- and side-chain protected amino acids. In both cases, the ‘transient’ alphaN amino protection is employed solely during chain elongation (the coupling reaction) and then removed for the subsequent coupling reaction. Lastly, in both cases, the final step – global side-chain deprotection and cleavage of the peptide-resin anchorage – is accomplished by acidolysis, and the target peptide isolated by trituration from ether and purified by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC).

Download the full 65 page guide here: Download Link

About CSBio: For over 30 years, CSBio, a leading peptide and peptide synthesizer manufacturing company located in Silicon Valley, California, has been providing cGMP peptides and automated peptide synthesizers to the global pharmaceutical community. CSBio’s peptide products and peptide synthesizers can be found in production laboratories, universities, and pharmaceutical companies worldwide.

Research Scale Peptide Synthesizers: Demystifying Purity, Synthesis Speed and Waste Generation

Understand what drives peptide synthesis purity, speed, and waste generation

Introduction

Anyone that has performed peptide synthesis, either manual or automated, realizes quickly that each peptide is different. Peptide sequences can vary in length, contain many different amino acids or a few of the same, be soluble or insoluble, contain disulfide bonds, and many more. With any standard synthesis protocol, the “easy” peptide results in both high crude purity and high purified product yield. While a difficult peptide using a standard synthesis protocol delivers crude peptides with low purity that require more downstream work and lower yields of the purified product (or in some situations, no mass identification of the target peptide).

When performing peptide synthesis, it is not uncommon for a peptide containing only 10 amino acids to be considered more “difficult” to synthesize than a much longer 25+ amino acid peptide. Overall success with synthesizing a specific peptide is generally impacted by:

1. Peptide Length: the total number of amino acids in the peptide sequence.
2. Peptide Sequence: the specific combination and order of the amino acids in the sequence.
3. Synthesis Protocol: The set of steps that together add amino acids to the peptide sequence. These include deprotection washes, coupling time, as well as the number of cleaning washes after both deprotection and coupling.

Of these factors, the Synthesis Protocol is the only way one can control the conditions of their syntheses and optimize their protocol to deliver pure peptides in a time-efficient manner.

Peptide Synthesis Protocols

When making a peptide, users must balance the purity and yield while also optimizing for synthesis speed and reducing waste for their workflow. Heating the synthesis can allow users to lower the times for deprotection and coupling, leading to faster cycle times. This can be done in a variety of ways including conduction heating and microwave heating. For the best results, heating needs to be delivered uniformly and to consistent temperatures. Conduction heating is scalable from 20 mL up to commercial-size reaction vessels 500L+. It avoids racemization caused by spikes and hotspots typically associated with microwave heating. Conduction heating is also a much more cost-efficient heating method when compared to expensive microwave heating technology.

Synthesis speed and waste also go hand in hand as shown in the chart. It is easy to see that if a protocol contains more DMF washes, 8 vs 3, the protocol with 8 washes will be expected to take longer and generate more waste.

That bodes the question: Why do two instruments aiming to complete the same objective differ so much in their standard protocol?

Higher Purity - The protocol with 8 washes is more likely to deliver a higher purity peptide due to maintaining a cleaner synthesis. The washes after deprotection are essential for ensuring that all the Fmoc group is completely gone before coupling. Doing washes after coupling ensure that your main peak will be your main peak, leaving no room for cross-contamination between amino acid cycles. Look at our case study of the synthesis of a 132-mer peptide on CSBio’s research scale peptide synthesizers

Universally Applicable - A user also benefits from an automated peptide synthesizer that is preloaded with protocols that will work well on nearly all peptides, regardless of sequence or length. The protocol with 8 washes can be run on a wide range of peptide sequences and expect a successful synthesis, not for a fraction of the peptide sequences. Users of the CSBio Peptide synthesizers can easily choose between a conservative or aggressive washing protocol giving them the ability to reduce the number of washings after deprotection and coupling to improve synthesis speed and reduce waste.

Peptide Synthesis - Synthesis Protocols and the impact on Purity, Speed, and Waste Generation

Cost to Perform Peptide Synthesis

What’s the raw material cost to run a peptide synthesizer? Well, most research labs will synthesize ~10 peptides a month at the 0.1 mmol scale, usually averaging about 15 amino acids in length. Then it’s largely dependent on the synthesis protocol utilized and the type of raw materials used. Some peptide synthesizer manufacturers require special amino acids and resins to run their synthesis protocol, such as His(Boc) that can be 7 times more expensive than standard His(Trt), or PEG-PS resin that can be twice as expensive as Rink Amide MBHA resin.

When considering the synthesis protocols, the amino acids, resin, and all the reagents and solvents, a typical cost per year will range between $5k to $10k. This considers purchasing the amino acids in 100g bulk (not pre-packaged cartridges), and does not include any disposable or consumable items that the synthesizer manufacturer may require. If you're interested in learning about the details of the cost to perform peptide synthesis and these calculations, just reach out to us.

As users can see, while there may be a marginal potential cost savings from the reduced waste of the microwave protocol, this doesn’t factor in re-running the synthesis in situations that the target peptide is not found. Even without the re-synthesis situation, looking at the total cost per run is negligible when factoring in the much higher purchase price of an expensive microwave synthesizer.

With a CSBio Peptide Synthesizer, users are confident that the provided protocols deliver high-quality results on difficult peptides while allowing users to easily change the protocol to manage synthesis speed and waste. Reach out to us at instrument@csbio.com, schedule a call to learn more, or just ring us directly at +1 650 525 6200 if you’re interested in discussing your peptide synthesizer needs.

About CSBio: For over 30 years, CSBio, a leading peptide and peptide synthesizer manufacturing company located in Silicon Valley, California, has been providing cGMP peptides and automated peptide synthesizers to the global pharmaceutical community. CSBio’s peptide products and peptide synthesizers can be found in production laboratories, universities, and pharmaceutical companies worldwide.

From peptide drug discovery, through process development, to commerical scale manufacturing

In this case study, we talk about CSBio's peptide synthesizer platform and knowledge that allows companies to utilize our peptide synthesizers during the early days of drug discovery, all way through commerical scale manufacturing

Introduction

When a multinational pharmaceutical company initiated their in-house manufacturing of peptides in the early phases of drug discovery, they came to CSBio for their instrumentation needs. As a manufacturer of custom peptide synthesizers from small scale to large scale manufacturing, this pharmaceutical company knew they had a partner that could meet all of their instrumentation needs from drug discovery to commercial manufacturing for process development and scale up ease.

Brief

During drug discovery for lead optimization, this pharmaceutical company determined they needed a reliable small scale synthesizer to produce peptide analogs which would be used in testing to determine the best analog for scale-up and clinical trials. As a fair amount of material would be required for this testing (20-100 mg) and flexibility in the synthesis protocol was important, they turned to the CS136 which enabled their discovery lab to rapidly synthesize dozens of peptide analogs in a short amount of time with enough material produced for multiple tests and assays.

CSBio CS136M

Once a primary peptide drug candidate was selected, the peptide chemists at this pharmaceutical company were tasked with making a continuous supply of high purity peptide for toxicological studies, PK studies, formulation work and additional assay testing. Grams of peptide were now required, so the pharmaceutical company set up a CS536 system in the process development laboratory to accomplish this task.

To manage the scale up transition from small scale to large scale manufacturing, a second CS536 system was purchased shortly thereafter and customized with both a 180° inversion mixing system and overhead stirring. This unique design was a collaboration between CSBio design engineers and the pharmaceutical company to add an extra layer of confidence in their methodology as they prepared for the scale up transition from inversion mixing to overhead mixing, which would ultimately be required for large scale manufacturing of the peptide drug.

Custom Designed CSBio CS936

As the pharmaceutical company moved into late stage clinical trials the new task at hand was scaling up for commercial manufacturing. CSBio and the pharmaceutical company worked closely together to design a CS936 production scale synthesizer that would suit their exact large scale production requirements. It was imperative that the transition from R&D scale to process scale to manufacturing was as seamless as possible. As all CSBio synthesis systems use the same 21 CFR Part 11 compliant CSPEP software®, the transition from milligrams to grams to kilograms was made much easier as the synthesis protocols could be transferred up the production scale.

The CS936 unit was synthesizing manufacturing runs immediately upon installation/operational qualification as there was virtually no learning curve for the manufacturing group. CSBio has purposely designed our systems to make scale up from R&D to commercial manufacturing as easy as possible.

Conclusion

CSBio provides customers with peptide synthesizers that fit their exact needs throughout the lifecycle, whether it’s during early drug discovery or late stage commercial manufacturing. By working intimately with customers coupled with over 30 years of peptide and instrumentation knowledge, customers can trust they have a partner to ensure a successful project.

Interested in any of our peptide synthesizers? Get in touch with us.

Research Scale Peptide Synthesizer Comparison - A Guide to Choosing a System that Fits Your Needs

We've gathered the key things to know to adequately compare the most popular synthesizers on the market for users searching for a peptide synthesizer.

Introduction

A major reason medicinal chemists and researchers love peptides is they offer a unique ability to treat unmet clinical needs in comparison to small molecules and biological therapeutics. With over 70 approved peptide therapeutics on the market treating patients today, researchers are looking for the next peptide therapeutic that will make waves.

What about synthesizing the peptides that researchers use for their studies? CSBio has been making peptides and peptide synthesizers for over 30 years, and we’ve developed synthesizers for the first-time peptide synthesis user as well as the advanced peptide chemist. Here’s the major things to consider when comparing research scale peptide synthesizers for your needs.

1. Manual or Fully Automated?

This day and age, a fully automated synthesizer is table stakes. But making sure the synthesizer you buy is fully automated is the most important factor.

For those that haven’t made a peptide before, a typical solid phase peptide synthesis protocol will consist of deprotection cycles, multiple washes, coupling, and more multiple washes for each amino acid addition to their peptide. Dependent on the peptide, there can be multiple washes and deprotection cycles to ensure adequate synthesis, defined by high purity of the targeted peptide being synthesized.

Typical Peptide Synthesis Cycle for each Amino Acid Addition:

2x Deprotection

6x DMF Wash

Coupling

2x DMF Wash

When performing manual synthesis, the washes and deprotection cycles are extremely redundant and time consuming, requiring manual solvent addition and draining for each wash or deprotection cycle. Semi or manual peptide synthesizers typically only perform the coupling step, and require users to manually perform the remainder of the synthesis. Given the coupling step is the least labor intensive portion of the synthesis and accounts for less than 10% of the touch time, these peptide synthesizers are categorized as manual synthesizers.

What does it mean to have a fully automated peptide synthesizer? Most peptide sequences are around 20 amino acids long, and users would like to be able to setup and walk away from their peptide synthesizer and come back to a completed peptide. This means the synthesizer is able to fully automate the completion of a synthesis cycle for each amino acid, as well as continue to subsequent amino acids without any user intervention such as adding more solvents, reagents, or amino acids. Having a fully automated synthesizer that allows users to make an entire peptide without any manual steps in between is by far the most important factor to verify when buying a peptide synthesizer.

Comparison of Popular Research Scale Peptide Synthesizers

Take a look at our case study of the synthesis of a 132-mer peptide on CSBio’s research scale peptide synthesizers, which was performed entirely unattended without any solvent recharging, amino acid additions, or manual steps.

2. Reaction Vessel (RV) Size

The reaction vessel size determines the maximum synthesis scale that a peptide synthesizer is capable of performing, and synthesis scale determines the amount of peptide material that can be produced per synthesis batch. Most peptide synthesizers consider the solvent, reagent, and amino acid consumption based on the reaction vessel size to ensure adequate unattended automation; as users would not want a reaction vessel sized on a synthesizer that requires solvent addition every 30 minutes.

Dependent on what quantities (mg to grams) a user requires at their phase of research, determines the size of reaction vessel. The amount of peptide that can be produced in any given reaction vessel can depend on many factors including resin substitution, chemistry, number of amino acid additions, and expected growth. Some manufacturers only talk about synthesis scale based on mmol, but it’s difficult to compare when there are so many factors that determine mmol outside of reaction vessel size. To provide a rough idea, a 15ml reaction vessel can be used to produce anywhere from 50mg to 500mg dependent on these many factors. For a 20-mer peptide, using 0.4 mmol/gram substitution resin, a 0.1mmol synthesis can be performed with a 15ml reaction vessel producing ~300mg of crude peptide. Upon purification, dependent on purity requirements, this crude peptide can generally yield ~100mg of pure peptide.

3. Purity, Synthesis Speed, and Waste Generation

After determining the quantity of peptide required, a few other practical questions to ask when deciding on a peptide synthesizer is how many peptides will you make per month, and at what purity will you need for these peptides? Most research scale peptide labs are synthesizing around 10 peptides per month, and purity requirements can vary but 90 to 95% is typical. With these requirements, ensuing a high quality crude peptide leads to ease of purification.

What are the factors that drive a high quality crude peptide? It comes down to the peptide amino acid sequence, the length of the peptide, and the synthesis protocol. With an “easy” peptide, a fast protocol with low waste generation can yield a high quality crude peptide, while a “difficult” peptide with that same fast protocol can at times not even yield the correct target peptide (as identified by mass spectrometer) within the crude product.

The synthesis protocol itself is also the primary driver when it comes to synthesis speed and waste generation. As such, many times there’s a trade-off between synthesis speed, waste generation, and purity. Take a look at our article Demystifying Purity, Synthesis Speed and Waste Generation that talks in detail about this.

4. Chemistry Flexibility

For most users making peptides, the desired goal is to simply produce their target peptide, where having an easy to use peptide synthesizer is more desirable than having a lot of features which can increase flexibility, but also add complexity.

For the advanced peptide chemist, there may be a desire to have a lot of flexibility in performing different types of chemistry to improve synthesis yield, or to be able to develop a process for scale up. This flexibility could be performing double couplings, cappings, doing Fmoc synthesis, Tboc synthesis, using DIC coupling or HBTU coupling within the same peptide, to name a few.

While there are many detailed factors to consider that will drive this flexibility, primarily related to the software interface and how system functions are performed, a major factor is whether the system has the dedicated reagent bottles available. To perform DIC coupling on one amino acid addition, followed by HBTU coupling on the subsequent amino acid addition in the peptide sequence, requires the dedicated reagent bottles to be able to perform this in a fully automated manner.

These are the top things to consider when looking for a research scale peptide synthesizer. There are many other considerations as well, such as:

Cost of the synthesizer, as well as cost of long term ownership when it comes to reliability and ease of repair and maintenance

Performing chilled and heated synthesis

Performing high throughput synthesis if a large quantity of peptides is required on a weekly basis.

Scale up considerations, where users will desire to establish processes on research scale systems to move towards pilot and commercial scale peptide production.

Reach out to us atinstrument@csbio.com, schedule a call to learn more, or just ring us directly at +1 650 525 6200 if you’re interested in discussing your peptide synthesizer needs.

About CSBio: For over 30 years, CSBio, a leading peptide and peptide synthesizer manufacturing company located in Silicon Valley, California, has been providing cGMP peptides and automated peptide synthesizers to the global pharmaceutical community. CSBio’s peptide products and peptide synthesizers can be found in production laboratories, universities, and pharmaceutical companies worldwide.